Introduction
Indian Railway is all set to make history with the launch of its first hydrogen-powered train, scheduled to commence operations by May 31, 2025, on the Jind-Sonipat route in Haryana. This groundbreaking initiative marks a significant step towards sustainable and eco-friendly transportation, aligning with India's vision of achieving net-zero carbon emissions in the railway sector by 2030. By introducing hydrogen-powered trains, India is not only promoting green mobility but also enhancing energy efficiency and modernising its railway infrastructure. By adopting hydrogen fuel technology, India joins countries like Germany, China, and the UK in pioneering sustainable rail transport.
How Hydrogen train works?
Hydrogen trains operate using hydrogen fuel cells, which generate electricity while emitting only water vapour and heat as byproducts. This technology presents a clean, energy-efficient alternative to diesel-powered locomotives, reducing both carbon emissions and noise pollution. With this initiative, Indian Railways joins an elite group of nations, including Germany, China, and the UK, that have already embraced hydrogen-based rail transport.
Working Principle of a Hydrogen
Train
Hydrogen Storage:
The train is equipped with high-pressure hydrogen tanks that store hydrogen gas (H₂).
These tanks are securely placed to ensure safety and efficient fuel management.
Power Generation via Fuel Cells: Hydrogen from the storage tanks is sent to a hydrogen fuel cell, where it reacts with oxygen (O₂) from the air.
This chemical reaction, known as electrochemical conversion, generates electricity, heat, and water vapour.
The electricity powers the traction motors, which drive the train.
Battery Energy Storage:
The generated electricity is used in two ways:
It directly powers the train’s motors.
Excess electricity is stored in lithium-ion batteries, which provide additional power when needed, such as during acceleration or climbing inclines.
Water Vapour Emission:
The only byproduct of the hydrogen fuel cell reaction is water (H₂O) in vapour form, making it an eco-friendly transportation solution.
Key Features of India’s Hydrogen Train
- Designed by Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO), Lucknow. and Developed by the Integral Coach Factory (ICF), Chennai.
- Designed to accommodate 2,638 passengers, catering to a substantial number of commuters.
- High-Powered Engine: Equipped with a 1,200-horsepower engine, surpassing the power output of hydrogen trains in Germany and China. Hydrogen trains often incorporate
- Regenerative braking, which converts braking energy back into electricity and stores it in the battery, improving efficiency.
- Eco-Friendly Energy Source
- Zero Emissions – Only water vapour is released, reducing pollution.
- Reduced Noise Pollution – Operates much quieter than diesel trains.
- Energy Efficient – Combines fuel cell and battery storage for optimal performance.
Trial Run and Testing Route
Global Perspective: Hydrogen Trains Worldwide
Globally, hydrogen trains have been gaining traction as a viable alternative to diesel-powered locomotives. For instance, in 2024, San Bernardino, California, introduced North America's first hydrogen-powered passenger train, the Zero-Emission Multiple Unit (ZEMU), developed in partnership with Swiss manufacturer Stadler Inc. This train operates on a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell and battery system, emitting only water vapour, and represents a significant step towards cleaner transportation infrastructure.
theguardian.com
Conclusion
The launch of India's first hydrogen train signifies a transformative step towards sustainable rail transportation. By embracing hydrogen fuel cell technology, Indian Railways is not only reducing its carbon footprint but also setting a precedent for future advancements in eco-friendly transportation. This initiative underscores India's dedication to innovation and sustainability, paving the way for a cleaner and smarter future in rail travel.
